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THE CONJUNCTION AND ITS KINDS


THE CONJUNCTION AND ITS KINDS 

Read the following sentences :
1. Harry and Michael were in the park. 
2. I called her but she did not listen. 
3. He was insulted still he comes here daily. 
4. Work hard or you will not get success. 

In the above sentences, the words 'and', 'but', 'still', 'or' join two words or two sentences so these are called Conjunctions. 

What is a Conjunction? 
A conjunction is a word that joins two words, clauses or sentences. 

KINDS OF CONJUNCTION :
There are three kinds of Conjunctions:

1. Co - ordinating Conjunctions 
2. Subordinating Conjunctions 
3. Correlative Conjunctions

Now let us read each kinds of Conjunctions in detail. 

1. What are Co-ordinating Conjunctions? 
Those Conjunctions which joins together clauses of equal ranks are called Co-ordinating Conjunctions. 

Use of Co-ordinating Conjunctions :

(1) 'And', 'Not only', 'but also' are used to join two statements. 
Examples : 

(i) Harry and  Tom are best friends. 
(ii) I went to Agra and  saw the Taj Mahal. 
(iii) She is not only  a teacher but also  a writer. 

2. 'But' and 'still' are used to join two statement of opposite nature. 
Examples : 

(i) He passed the exam but  in low division. 
(ii) Karan was a rich man but  he was a miser. 
(iii) He is robbed still  he is not sad. 

3. 'Or', 'Otherwise', 'Either' , 'Neither', 'nor' are used for choice or alternative. 
Examples : 

(i) Do your work or  go out to play. 
(ii) Sit down or  get out. 
(iii) Make haste otherwise  you will be late for school. 
(iv) Either  do it or  leave the room . 
(v) She neither  drinks tea nor  coffee. 

4. 'For' is used to join two such statements of which one is the result of the other. 
Examples:

(i) Harry thought he would be selected against the post of a teacher for  his uncle was the member of selecting committee. 

(ii) There must be children outside for  I hear a noise. 


2. What are Subordinating Conjunctions? 
Those conjunctions which joins subordinate clauses regarding- time, result, reason, condition, purpose, comparison, place or manner are called Subordinating Conjunctions. 

Use of Subordinate Conjunction : 

1. When/ Before, as, while, as soon as, since, till, until, after, as long as are used to join two sentences which show time or period. 
Examples : 
(i) He was sleeping when  I reached his home. 
(ii) The patient had died before  the doctor came. 
(iii) Wait for us until  we reach here. 
(iv) As soon as  I reached office, it began to rain. 

2. So that/ lest are used for purpose. 
Examples : 
(i) I ran fast so that  I might catch the bus. 
(ii) We eat so that  we may survive. 
(iii) Walk slowly lest  you should slip. 

3. Because/as / since are used for showing reason or cause. 
Examples: 
(i) I asked the  Principal about my son as  he did not reach home in time. 
(ii) She can't buy this necklace, since  its cost is very high. 
(iii) He did not go to school because  he was ill. 

4. That/ Such that is used for showing result. 
Examples :
(i) He is so weak that  he can not walk properly. 
(ii) The man spoke in such  a low voice that no one could hear him well. 

5. If/ unless/ provided are used to show condition. 
Examples : 
(i) You cannot succeed unless  you work hard. 
(ii) Catch me if  you can. 
(iii) I will deposit my fee provided the Principal gave me concession. 

6. Where/ wherever/ whence are used for showing place. 
Examples :
(i) I found my key where  I left it. 
(ii) Let him go wherever  he likes. 
(iii) She went back whence  she came. 

7. As....... as for likeness while so.....as for unlikeness are used in negative sentences. 
Examples : 
(i) Harry is not  so  strong as  his brother George. 
(ii) The tiger is as  strong as a lion. 

8. Though/ although/yet/ however are used in reference of concession. 
Examples:
(i) He is rich yet  he is humble. 
(ii) He is poor yet  he is honest. 
(iii) Although she is intelligent she has pride. 
(iv) Though  she is beautiful, she is illiterate. 
(v) I did not oppose him however  I did not support him. 

9. As if/ as though/ so far as, are used for showing manner. 
Examples :
(i) He behaved as if  he knows everything. 
(ii) So far as  I know about him, he is not a liar. 
(iii) The leader protested as though  he was not in power. 

3. What are Correlative Conjunctions? 
These are Conjunctions which are used in pairs. 
Examples : 
(i) Either  you or  your sister has stolen my ring. 
(ii) She neither  studies nor  plays. 
(iii) We both  beat and punished him. 
(iv) Tom worked so  hard that  he won the competition. 

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