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THE TENSE

THE TENSE 

What is Tense? 
Tense is that form of a verb that shows not only the time of action but also the state of it. 

Read the following sentences : 
1. Harry goes to school daily. 
2.Harry passed the examination. 
3.Harry will appear in the entrance text next week. 

In sentence 1, the action 'goes' shows the Present time of its happening. 
In sentence 2, the action 'passed' shows the Past time of its happening. 
In sentence 3, the action 'will appear' shows the Future time of its happening. 

Thus we came to know that there are three tenses  in English. 
1. The Present Tense (Harry goes to school.) 
2. The Past Tense (Harry passed the examination.) 
3. The Future Tense ( Harry will appear in the entrance text next  week.) 

Read the following sentences carefully :

Simple Present Tense 
I am a doctor. He is a doctor. You are a doctor. 
Michael is my brother. Boys are in the ground. 
He has a car. 
They have books. 

Simple Past Tense 
I was a teacher.     She was a teacher.  You were a teacher.      Harry was my brother. Boys were in the ground.        He had a car.    They had books. 

Simple Future Tense 
I shall be a doctor. She will be a doctor. We shall be doctors.  They will be doctors. You will be a doctor. 

The verbs - is  am, are, has, and have show the present time of action. So these are the verbs of Present Tense. 

The verbs- was, were, had, show the Past time of action. So these are the verbs of Past Tense. 
  
The verbs - will be, shall be  show the Future time of action. So these are the verbs of Future Tense. 
Note * Be is also a verb and is, am, are, was, were and been are its various forms. Have's forms are has and had. 

Formation of Negative Sentences with the help of be and have. 
Rule 1 : If the affirmative sentence has some form of verb 'be' like is, am, are, was, were, put only 'not' just after the verb is, am, are, was, were. 

Examples - 
Affirmative :  He is a good football player .
Negative : He is not a good football player .
Affirmative : They were in the park yesterday. 
Negative : They were not in the park yesterday. 

Rule 2 : If the affirmative sentence has will, shall or will have, shall have, put 'not' just after after will or shall. 

Examples - 
Affirmative : Ronald will meet me in Dubai. 
Negative : Ronald will not meet me in Dubai. 
Affirmative : We shall complete our work. 
Negative : We shall not complete our work. 

Formation of Interrogative sentences with the help of 'be' and have. 

Rule 1: Verb 'be' - is, am are, was, were, and will/shall are put in the beginning of the sentence to make the sentence Interrogative. 

Examples -
Affirmative : Mr. Jackson is our class teacher. 
Interrogative : Is Mr. Jackson  our class teacher ? 
Affirmative : He was with his mother yesterday. 
Interrogative : Was he with his mother yesterday? 

Rule 2: Have (has/had) - We put  'not' before has, have or had to make the sentence Negative. 
Examples - 
Affirmative : He has a lot of money. 
Negative : He has not a lot of money. 
Affirmative : I have seen the Red Fort. 
Negative : I have not seen the Red Fort. 

Use of 'no' to make negative sentences: 

Read the given sentences: 
1. There is no water in the jug. 
2. I have no money with me. 
3. They will have no piece of land. 
4. I have no book with me. 
5. She has no idea about the solution of this problem. 
Note * 'No' is used before a noun and it shows the selection in negative. 

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